GERMAN: According to Peter Antes, Jihad is too dazzling to consider the terms › effort, struggle, commitment, diligence‹ towards virtues, most likely on the path toGod or in favor of the religion of islam. Muslims differentiate between the smalland the great Jihad. In the islamic mystic the great Jihad basically means a spiritualfight against the striving spirit, in the political movement a commitmenttowards good deeds like the abatement of economic backwardness of a country, or the commitment for the implementation of democracy, freedom and women‘ s rights. The small Jihad is directed towards the outside. ...

The article is a review for the book of Prof. Dr. Konul Bunyadzade “ Wisdom of Love: Rabia al-Adawiyya and Edith Stein” . The author of the article notes that the book is very important as a chance to build a solid foundation for an ever grea-ter communion between the two great monotheistic religions, precisely Islam and Christianity and to show how a “ common” path of research can be followed. “ Love” and “ grace” are the benchmarks of this book where Bunyadzade compared the views of Rabia al-Adawiyya and Edith Stein – the true servers of their religions as Islam and Christianity. This book brings us back to the importance of a “ commu-nity work” that can become a way of life, since the search for “ Truth” cannot be conducted in isolation, but it needs the help of many associates in order to be reached. These features and the method of the book make it not only an unicum, but also a novum showing how it is possible to undertake such an itinerary when we let ourselves be guided by “ Wisdom” . The “ Wisdom” is a companion on the road who walks with us silently; only by crossing its silence we can understand how the words that arise from this silence are no longer those that we use in everyday language, but we can hear in it the words rich in meaning. Bunyadzade’ s merit was that of restoring these "words" through the poetic language of Rabia and that of Edith in his Kreuzeswissenschaft (Scientia crucis), a work that she ended in the silence of the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. The author of the article notes that this book “ infuses faith into humanity” . Moreover, it is also an ethical duty to continue to reflect on what the Author has so generously “ returned” to us in a sharing spirit which is also an invitation to communion. Continuing to think is necessary to act thinking.

Synesthesia, among other rhetorical devices, has played a prominent role in conveying the intended messages in the realm of poetry. Nonetheless, it has not grabbed adequate attention to its nature and function. Belonging to the domain of comparative literature, this essay has benefitted from analogy studies as its methodology to render novel perspectives in the meaning and reading of the poetry of Sitwell and Ebtehaj. Here, we have attempted, firstly, to foreground the function of synesthesia and, secondly, to enrich the understanding of the mentioned poets. This paper concludes that the realization of synesthesia heavily and helpfully affects the perception of literary poems. In addition, to showcase such influence, a reasonable number of poems by Sitwell and Ebtehaj were subjected to scrutiny, indicating that a great deal of their poetry is best understood only after investigating synesthesia. This essay is merely concentrated on two poets, yet its findings can be helpful for the whole field of poetry.

Employing myth is one of the aesthetic expressive tools used by modern poets in their poetry. Its use in modern poetry is so prevalent that it has become one of the most important phenomena in modern and contemporary literature, distinguishing it as a feature of modern literature. Almost every poetic work contains symbolic and mythological references. In an attempt to find a style that harmonizes with nature, female poets often incorporate myth, creating metaphorical or miraculous images. Myths are present in the poems of women poets, and many of them utilize these myths to convey messages about their poetic conditions, as well as their philosophical and intellectual existence in life.This study adopts a comparative analytical approach to reveal the manifestations of myth in feminist poetry. The researcher sheds light on feminist literature and the influence of Western literature on Arab culture through a comparison between two examples of female poets from modern literature: Edith Sitwell (1887-1964) and Nazik Al-Malaika (1923-2007). The aim of this study is to explore the mythological content in the poems of contemporary female poets, specifically focusing on how myth is employed in modern feminist poetry and its intensive invocation between these two poets.The results indicate that there is an influence of Western literature on the poetic development of Nazik Al-Malaika, with evidence showing that Greek symbols dominate her poetic texts. Additionally, she incorporates some religious myths based on Christian narratives into her discourse. On the other hand, Edith Sitwell creates unfamiliar symbols and images from her own imaginative world.Through this study of the employment of myth in Arab and Western literature, the mythic image is manifested in the imaginative features of the two poets. This expression of artistic linguistic text is blended with elements that are relevant to reality. The present study represents the first attempt to explore this concept by examining both cultures. It becomes evident that the use of myth serves as a means to revisit the primal origins of life.

Background& Aim: One of the complementary psychological approaches for dealing with problems of ageing individuals is Music therapy. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of listening to relaxation and instrumental music by Arnd Stein on quality of sleep and happiness among ageing women in nursing home.Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental study including pre and post- tests and control group. The statistical population of study was elderly women who lived in nursing homes in region 3 of Tehran Municipality in 2016. Thirty elderly women in the range of 65 to 75 years old were selected by a simple random sampling method and then randomly divided to control (n=15) and experimental groups (n=15). Then, the experimental group listened to relaxation and instrumental music by Arnd Stein before noon nap for 12 sessions of 45-50 minutes. The research instruments were Oxford Happiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Qualify Index (PSQI. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 21 and significance level was considered P<0.05.Results: The findings indicated significantly higher values of mean scores of happiness (P=0.01) and sleep quality (P=0.01) in experimental group, as compared to control groups in post-test (P=0.01).Conclusion: The present study showed that relaxation and instrumental music by Arnd Stein could improve sleep quality and increase happiness in elderly women. Thus, this approach is recommended as a complementary method to specialists of mental health for improvement of sleep quality and happiness of ageing people in nursing homes.

The main purpose of this research is the qualitative analysis of the Secondary School English Learning Curriculum based on Wayne Stein and Faint Straw Model. The research method is qualitative. For collecting data, unstructured interview was used. The population of this research included all the mall and female English teachers in Karaj. The sample was determined by theoretical saturation criterion, that after interviewing with 25 teachers, interview was saturated. The findings of data analysis included "Grounded Theory" that based on which the following factors such as: outdated English textbooks, foreign textbooks content are not good and enough and Foreign curriculum doesn't focus on four language skills (listening, reading, writing, speaking), unexperienced teachers who do not master new teaching method, grammar–based content, uninterested students in learning foreign language, grammar translating method instead of learning through communication, are effective in influencing learning English.

One of the most important social phenomena of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in most countries of the world was the spread of consumerism. According to the sociological philosophy of Jean Baudry, in a consumerist society, a new behavioral pattern is observed, which is the increasing consumption of goods, and the results of this are that in such a society, people constantly feel empty, high human values are replaced by material values, human personality and identity are defined and justified in relation to material things, social relationships are completely adjusted based on materialism, and of course, women are twice as vulnerable as men in these conditions. It should be noted that Boudria's theory is not only important in the field of philosophy and sociology, but it is also very effective in reviewing literary works. The House of Mirth novel is one of the best realist works in the field of literature that realistically portrays the American society of the early 20th century. Since interdisciplinary studies help to advance and improve both fields, by analyzing this novel from Baudrillard's point of view, not only the views of this philosopher are understood more concretely and objectively, but also new and wider dimensions of this literary work are revealed to the reader. Therefore, with the interdisciplinary approach of philosophy, sociology, and literature, this research found that the characters in The House of Mirth, especially Lily, who is the focus of the novel, are so caught up in the American consumerist society that their relationships and individual identities have undergone many changes. Considering that not only the phenomenon of consumerism in the whole world in our current time is not limited at all, but it has also become more abundant through virtual marketing, has doubled the importance of the present research, which emphasizes the awareness of the issues arising from this phenomenon to preserve human identity in such a society. It is clear that reading this novel from the point of view of sociological philosophy has raised the level of readers' awareness in this field so that they can diminish and minimize the effects of consumerism in their lives as much as possible.

Background & Aims: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common causes of surgery in the world. With increasing of age hernia prevalence rate increases so that in age over 70 years its prevalence gets at 50 percent. Different methods are described in hernia repair and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. At present the method of choice for inguinal hernia repair is the tension free procedure which was first introduced by Lichtension. This study investigates the short-term side effects of drainage applied in LichtenStein method.Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study investigates 60 patients admitted to this center with the above mentioned diagnosis who have undergone hernia repair surgery. In 31 patients at the end of the operation close suction drain was applied versus 29 patients in whom no drain was used.Results: In the group of patients with drain the incidence of side effects was as follows: Hematoma 9.7%, seroma3.2%, urinary retention 0% versus the results in patient without drain: Hematoma3.4%, seroma0%, urinary retention 3.4% the mean time needed for the patients to return to their daily work in drain applied group was 17.48 days versus 18.30 days in patients with no drain application. Hence no significant statistical difference was observed in the two compared groups. A significant statistical difference was obvious when comparing two groups with post surgery hospitalizing period. This period in patients with drain was 2.9 days versus 1.48 days in patients without drain.Conclusion: Based on findings close suction drain not only decreases the incidence of complications such as hematoma, seroma and urinary retention but also increases the hospitalizing period, as well as producing overwhelming costs and depression of patients spirits, so that, it is suggested not to apply any drain at all.

In this paper, using variational methods and critical point theory we establish the existence of multiple solutions for a class of elliptic equations on Carnot groups depending on one real positive parameter and involving a subcritical nonlinearity. Some recent results are extended and improved.